Simulate gamma variable from threefry generator

Care should be taken with this method not to encounter the birthday problem, described https://www.johndcook.com/blog/2016/01/29/random-number-generator-seed-mistakes/. Since the sitmo threefry, this currently generates one random deviate from the uniform distribution to seed the engine threefry and then run the code.

Usage

rxgamma(shape, rate = 1, n = 1L, ncores = 1L)

Arguments

shape

The shape of the gamma random variable

rate

an alternative way to specify the scale.

n

number of observations. If length(n) > 1, the length is taken to be the number required.

ncores

Number of cores for the simulation

rxnorm simulates using the threefry sitmo generator.

rxnormV used to simulate with the vandercorput simulator, but since it didn't satisfy the normal properties it was changed to simple be an alias of rxnorm. It is no longer supported in rxode2({}) blocks

Value

gamma random deviates

Details

Therefore, a simple call to the random number generated followed by a second call to random number generated may have identical seeds. As the number of random number generator calls are increased the probability that the birthday problem will increase.

The key to avoid this problem is to either run all simulations in the rxode2 environment once (therefore one seed or series of seeds for the whole simulation), pre-generate all random variables used for the simulation, or seed the rxode2 engine with rxSetSeed()

Internally each ID is seeded with a unique number so that the results do not depend on the number of cores used.

Examples

# \donttest{

## Use threefry engine

rxgamma(0.5, n = 10) # with rxgamma you have to explicitly state n
#>  [1] 2.16924972 0.32791780 1.43186446 0.24403811 0.20138156 0.16797717
#>  [7] 0.01839832 0.01034082 0.02523000 1.21501823
rxgamma(5, n = 10, ncores = 2) # You can parallelize the simulation using openMP
#>  [1] 4.922548 6.106389 3.663807 8.652605 6.790443 1.782911 3.534744 4.323610
#>  [9] 5.659426 4.379179

rxgamma(1)
#> [1] 1.166406


## This example uses `rxbeta` directly in the model

rx <- function() {
  model({
    a <- rxgamma(2)
  })
}

et <- et(1, id = 1:2)

s <- rxSolve(rx, et)
#>  
#>  
#> ℹ parameter labels from comments are typically ignored in non-interactive mode
#> ℹ Need to run with the source intact to parse comments
#>  
#>  
#> using C compiler: ‘gcc (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0’
# }