Drug-specific validation vignettes (one per published model) are published on the package website at https://nlmixr2.github.io/nlmixr2lib/articles/. The name column below links to the vignette when one exists for that model.
display <- modeldb
has_vig <- !is.na(display$vignette)
base_url <- "https://nlmixr2.github.io/nlmixr2lib/articles/"
display$name <- ifelse(
has_vig,
sprintf("[%s](%s%s.html)", display$name, base_url, display$vignette),
display$name
)
knitr::kable(display[, c("name", "description")])| name | description |
|---|---|
| PK_1cmt | One compartment PK model with linear clearance |
| PK_1cmt_des | One compartment PK model with linear clearance using differential equations |
| PK_2cmt | Two compartment PK model with linear clearance |
| PK_2cmt_des | Two compartment PK model with linear clearance using differential equations |
| PK_2cmt_no_depot | Two compartment PK model with linear clearance using differential equations |
| PK_2cmt_tdcl_des | Two compartment PK model with time-dependent clearance using differential equations (structured like nivolumab PK model) |
| PK_3cmt | Three compartment PK model with linear clearance |
| PK_3cmt_des | Three compartment PK model with linear clearance using differential equations |
| igg_kim_2006 | Immunoglobulin G (IgG) model for nonlinear metabolism in healthy subjects |
| phenylalanine_charbonneau_2021 | Phenylalanine model for absorption and metabolism in healthy subjects and patients with PKU |
| indirect_0cpt_transitEx | Two compartment PK model with Michealis-Menten clearance using differential equations |
| indirect_1cpt_inhi_kin | One compartment indirect response model with inhibition of kin. |
| indirect_1cpt_inhi_kin_CLV | One compartment indirect response model with inhibition of kin. |
| indirect_1cpt_inhi_kin_r0rmaxcrmax | One compartment indirect response model with inhibition of kin. |
| indirect_1cpt_inhi_kout | One compartment indirect response model with inhibition of kout. |
| indirect_1cpt_inhi_kout_CLV | One compartment indirect response model with inhibition of kout. |
| indirect_1cpt_inhi_kout_r0rmaxcrmax | One compartment indirect response model with inhibition of kout. |
| indirect_1cpt_stim_kin | One compartment indirect response model with stimulation of kin.Parameterized using rate cosntants |
| indirect_1cpt_stim_kin_CLV | One compartment indirect response model with stimulation of kin. |
| indirect_1cpt_stim_kin_r0rmaxcrmax | One compartment indirect response model with stimulation of kin. |
| indirect_1cpt_stim_kout | One compartment indirect response model with stimulation of kout.Parameterized using rate cosntants |
| indirect_1cpt_stim_kout_CLV | One compartment indirect response model with stimulation of kout. |
| indirect_1cpt_stim_kout_r0rmaxcrmax | One compartment indirect response model with stimulation of kout. |
| indirect_circ_1cpt_inhi_kin_kin_t | One compartment indirect response model with inhibition of kin and circadian kin_t. |
| indirect_circ_1cpt_inhi_kin_kout_t | One compartment indirect response model with inhibition of kin and circadian kin_t. |
| indirect_circ_1cpt_inhi_kout_kin_t | One compartment indirect response model with inhibition of kout and circadian kin_t. |
| indirect_circ_1cpt_inhi_kout_kout_t | One compartment indirect response model with inhibition of kout and circadian kin_t. |
| indirect_circ_1cpt_stim_kin_kin_t | One compartment indirect response model with stimulation of kin and circadian kin_t.Parameterized using rate cosntants |
| indirect_circ_1cpt_stim_kin_kout_t | One compartment indirect response model with stimulation of kin and circadian kout_t.Parameterized using rate constants |
| indirect_circ_1cpt_stim_kout_kin_t | One compartment indirect response model with stimulation of kout and circadian kin_t.Parameterized using rate cosntants |
| indirect_circ_1cpt_stim_kout_kout_t | One compartment indirect response model with stimulation of kout and circadian kout_t.Parameterized using rate cosntants |
| indirect_prec_1cpt_inhi_CLV | One compartment precursor-dependent indirect response model with inhibition of drug response. Parameterized with clearance and volume. (effect). |
| indirect_prec_1cpt_inhi_r0rmaxcrmax | One compartment precursor-dependent indirect response model with inhibition of drug response (effect). |
| indirect_prec_1cpt_stim_CLV | One compartment precursor-dependent indirect response model with inhibition of drug response (effect). Parameterized with clearance and volume |
| indirect_prec_1cpt_stim_r0rmaxcrmax | One compartment precursor-dependent indirect response model with inhibition of drug response (effect). Parameterized with clearance and volume |
| PK_1cmt_tmdd_full | One-compartment TMDD archetype with explicit drug-target binding (Mager & Jusko 2001 full model) |
| PK_1cmt_tmdd_mm | One-compartment TMDD archetype, Michaelis-Menten (MM) approximation (Gibiansky et al. 2008) |
| PK_1cmt_tmdd_qss | One-compartment TMDD archetype, quasi-steady-state (QSS) approximation (Gibiansky et al. 2008) |
| PK_2cmt_mAb_Davda_2014 | Two compartment PK model with linear clearance for average monoclonal antibodies (Davda 2014) |
| PK_2cmt_tmdd_mm | Two-compartment TMDD archetype, Michaelis-Menten (MM) approximation (Gibiansky et al. 2008) |
| PK_2cmt_tmdd_qss | Two-compartment TMDD archetype, quasi-steady-state (QSS) approximation (Gibiansky et al. 2008) |
| PK_double_sim_01 | PK double absorption model with simultaneous zero order and first order absorptions |
| PK_double_sim_10 | PK double absorption model with simultaneous first order and zero order absorptions |
| PK_double_sim_11 | PK double absorption model with simultaneous first order absorptions |
| Aguiar_2021_ustekinumab | Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for ustekinumab in adults with Crohn’s disease (Aguiar 2021): two-compartment quasi-equilibrium TMDD model for ustekinumab and the unbound IL-12/IL-23 p40 target, linked to fecal calprotectin via an indirect-response model with target-driven stimulation of FC production. |
| Bajaj_2017_nivolumab | Two-compartment population PK model for nivolumab (anti-PD-1 IgG4) with time-varying clearance (sigmoid Emax) in patients with advanced solid tumors (Bajaj 2017) |
| Bender_2014_trastuzumabEmtansine_mechanistic | Mechanistic DAR0-DAR7 catenary deconjugation PK model for trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in cynomolgus monkeys (default) and rats (Bender 2014): each DAR moiety distributes into a shared three-compartment backbone and deconjugates sequentially toward naked trastuzumab (DAR0); uses five shared upper-chain rate constants (k7->3) plus separate k_2->1 and k_1->0. |
| Bender_2014_trastuzumabEmtansine_reduced | Reduced three-compartment population PK model for trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) and naked trastuzumab (DAR0) in cynomolgus monkeys (default) and rats (Bender 2014): single lumped T-DM1 conjugate species deconjugates into DAR0 via a single deconjugation clearance; both species share V1/V2/V3 and distributional clearances. |
| Berends_2019_infliximab | Two-compartment TMDD-QSS population PK/target-dynamics model of infliximab and free TNF in adults with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (Berends 2019) |
| Brillac_2025_isatuximab | Two-compartment population PK model with linear elimination for isatuximab in pediatric and adult patients with relapsed/refractory acute leukemias (Brillac 2025) |
| Budha_2023_tislelizumab | Three-compartment population PK model for intravenous tislelizumab (anti-PD-1 IgG4) in patients with advanced tumors (Budha 2023) |
| CarlssonPetri_2021_liraglutide | Liraglutide PK model in adolescents (Carlsson Petri 2021) |
| Castro-Surez_2020_nimotuzumab | Semi-mechanistic two-compartment QSS TMDD population PK model for nimotuzumab (anti-EGFR humanized IgG1) in adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (Castro-Suarez 2020); EGFR binding represented in both central (Rtot) and peripheral (Rtotp) compartments under quasi-steady-state, plus a turnover mediator that stimulates non-specific clearance via a sigmoid Emax of free central nimotuzumab. |
| Chen_2020_luspatercept | One-compartment population PK model for luspatercept (activin receptor type IIB / IgG1 Fc-fusion) in adults with anemia due to myelodysplastic syndromes (Chen 2020), with first-order subcutaneous absorption, first-order linear elimination parameterised in CL/F and V1/F, body weight + age + baseline albumin power covariates on CL/F, and body weight + baseline albumin power covariates on V1/F. |
| Chen_2022_guselkumab | One-compartment population PK model with first-order SC absorption for guselkumab (anti-IL-23 human IgG1 lambda mAb) in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (DISCOVER-1 and DISCOVER-2 phase 3 trials; Chen 2022) |
| Cheng_2026_immunoglobulin | Two-compartment population PK model for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement therapy in pediatric primary-immunodeficiency and secondary-antibody-deficiency patients (Cheng 2026) |
| Chua_2025_mirikizumab | Two-compartment population PK model for mirikizumab (anti-IL-23p19 IgG4 mAb) in patients with moderately-to-severely active Crohn’s disease (Chua 2025 VIVID-1 phase 3) |
| Cirincione_2017_exenatide | Population PK model for exenatide immediate-release (Cirincione 2017): two-compartment, parallel linear and Michaelis-Menten elimination, sequential zero-order then saturable first-order absorption after SC dosing. |
| Clegg_2024_nirsevimab | Two-compartment population PK model for nirsevimab in preterm and term infants (Clegg 2024) |
| Diao_2016_daclizumab_cd25 | Sigmoidal Emax PK/PD model of CD25 receptor occupancy on peripheral CD4+ T cells following subcutaneous daclizumab high-yield process (HYP) in adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (Diao 2016). The PD output is the percentage of CD4+ T cells staining positive for unoccupied CD25 (i.e., the unbound CD25 fraction). The PK backbone is the two-compartment, first-order SC absorption + lag model from Othman 2014 (file inst/modeldb/specificDrugs/Othman_2014_daclizumab.R), copied verbatim with weight-based allometric scaling. |
| Diao_2016_daclizumab_cd56bright | Indirect-response PK/PD model of CD56 bright natural killer (NK) cell expansion following subcutaneous daclizumab high-yield process (HYP) in adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (Diao 2016). Daclizumab HYP serum concentration stimulates the zero-order production rate (Kin) of CD56 bright NK cells (% of all lymphocytes) via a saturable Smax function; first-order elimination rate Kout is fixed by the median baseline. The PK backbone is the two-compartment, first-order SC absorption + lag model from Othman 2014 (file inst/modeldb/specificDrugs/Othman_2014_daclizumab.R), copied verbatim with weight-based allometric scaling. |
| Diao_2016_daclizumab_treg | Sigmoidal Emax PK/PD model of regulatory T cell (Treg) reduction following subcutaneous daclizumab high-yield process (HYP) in adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (Diao 2016). The PD output is the percentage of Treg (CD4+ CD127low/- Foxp3+) among all CD4+ T cells; daclizumab HYP serum concentration drives a maximum 60% reduction via a sigmoidal Emax function. The PK backbone is the two-compartment, first-order SC absorption + lag model from Othman 2014 (file inst/modeldb/specificDrugs/Othman_2014_daclizumab.R), copied verbatim with weight-based allometric scaling. |
| Faelens_2021_infliximab | One-compartment IV population PK model of infliximab in adults with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (Faelens 2021 adapted model; baseline-covariate-only re-fit of Dreesen 2019) |
| Farrell_2012_farletuzumab | Two-compartment population PK model for farletuzumab (humanized IgG1 anti-folate-receptor-alpha monoclonal antibody) with first-order linear elimination after IV infusion in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (Farrell 2012). |
| Fasanmade_2009_infliximab | Two-compartment population PK model of infliximab (anti-TNF-alpha) in patients with ulcerative colitis (Fasanmade 2009) |
| Fau_2020_isatuximab | Two-compartment population PK model for intravenous isatuximab (anti-CD38 IgG1) in adults with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, with parallel time-varying linear and Michaelis-Menten eliminations from the central compartment (Fau 2020). The linear clearance follows a sigmoidal Emax decay from baseline to steady state; the magnitude of the decay differs by multiple-myeloma immunoglobulin type. |
| Fiedler-Kelly_2019_fremanezumab | Two-compartment population PK model for fremanezumab (anti-CGRP IgG2 delta-a/kappa mAb) with first-order SC absorption and allometric weight scaling (Fiedler-Kelly 2019) |
| FiedlerKelly_2020_fremanezumab_cm | Population PD exposure-response model relating fremanezumab average plasma concentration (Cav) to monthly moderate-to-severe headache days in adults with chronic migraine. Placebo time-course is a Hill (sigmoid) function in months and the drug effect is a power function of Cav centered on the population median Cav. Fitted to 5312 monthly observations from 1361 chronic-migraine patients pooled across the LBR-101-021 phase 2b and TV48125-CNS-30049 phase 3 studies (Fiedler-Kelly 2020). |
| FiedlerKelly_2020_fremanezumab_em | Population PD exposure-response model relating fremanezumab average plasma concentration (Cav) to monthly migraine days in adults with episodic migraine. Placebo time-course is an exponential growth in months (predicted reduction = exp(exponent * t)) and the drug effect is an Emax/EC50 of Cav scaled by individual baseline migraine days. Fitted to 4444 monthly observations from 1142 episodic-migraine patients pooled across the LBR-101-022 phase 2b and TV48125-CNS-30050 phase 3 studies (Fiedler-Kelly 2020). |
| Frey_2010_tocilizumab | Two-compartment population PK model for tocilizumab in adults with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (Frey 2010), with parallel first-order linear and Michaelis-Menten elimination from the central compartment. |
| Frey_2013_tocilizumab | Indirect-response PK/PD model of tocilizumab on the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (Levi/Grange/Frey 2013, OPTION + TOWARD phase III pool, n = 1703 patients with 12,618 DAS28 observations). Tocilizumab inhibits the DAS28 production rate Kin via a sigmoid Emax function whose driving concentration is the sum of circulating tocilizumab and a constant DMARD background term expressed in tocilizumab concentration units. The PK driver is the two-compartment, parallel linear + Michaelis-Menten model of Frey 2010 (PMID 20097931), reused unchanged for the exposure-response analysis. |
| Gandhi_2021_abatacept | Two-compartment population PK model for abatacept (CTLA4-Ig Fc-fusion) pooled across adults with rheumatoid arthritis and patients aged 2-17 years with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Gandhi 2021), with first-order SC absorption, zero-order IV infusion support, first-order linear elimination, logit-scale SC bioavailability with disease/age/weight covariates, and a KA parameterisation that enforces KA > k_el. |
| Grimm_2023_gantenerumab | Gantenerumab PK model in cynomolgus monkeys (Grimm 2023): two-compartment plasma PK with brain extracellular distribution across six brain regions (cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum, cortex, choroid plexus, CSF). |
| Grimm_2023_trontinemab | Trontinemab PK model in non-human primates (Grimm 2023): two-compartment plasma PK with Michaelis-Menten elimination and brain-region effect-compartment distribution (cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum, cortex, choroid plexus, CSF). |
| Gupta_2016_amatuximab | Two-compartment population PK model with parallel linear and Michaelis-Menten elimination for amatuximab in patients with advanced cancers / malignant pleural mesothelioma (Gupta 2016) |
| Hanzel_2021_infliximab | Two-compartment population PK model of subcutaneous and intravenous infliximab CT-P13 (biosimilar) in adults with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (Hanzel 2021) |
| Hayashi_2007_omalizumab | Mechanism-based binding population PK/PD model for omalizumab and IgE in Japanese atopic-asthma patients (Hayashi 2007). Three serum entities (free omalizumab, free IgE, and the omalizumab-IgE complex) each carry their own clearance and volume of distribution and are coupled through instantaneous-equilibrium binding (law of mass action) with a concentration-dependent dissociation constant. Body weight modifies omalizumab CL and Vd; baseline IgE modifies IgE CL and IgE production rate. Subcutaneous absorption is first-order. Disposition parameters are reported as apparent (divided by SC bioavailability f). Three observed quantities: total omalizumab (ug/mL), total IgE (ng/mL), and free IgE (ng/mL). |
| Hong_2025_datopotamab | Coupled population PK model for datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd, anti-TROP2 antibody-drug conjugate) and its released payload DXd in adults with advanced solid tumors (Hong 2025). Dato-DXd disposition is a two-compartment model with parallel linear (CL_lin) and Michaelis-Menten (Vmax / Km) elimination from the central compartment. DXd is a one-compartment model whose formation rate equals the total Dato-DXd elimination rate (linear + nonlinear) scaled by the molecular-weight ratio (493.5 / 150000) and a time-and-cycle-dependent drug-to-antibody ratio DAR(tad, CYCLE) = 4 * (0.25 + 0.75 * exp(-beta * tad)) * (1 if CYCLE = 1 else Factor1). Body weight is included as a mechanistic covariate with a fixed allometric exponent of 0.75 on Dato-DXd linear clearance and estimated exponents on Dato-DXd volumes (paper Eq. 8-10) and on DXd CL/Vc (Eq. 14-15). |
| Hood_2021_medi7836 | Population PK-PD binding model for MEDI7836 (anti-IL13 IgG1 lambda-YTE mAb) in healthy adult males (Hood 2021): two-compartment SC PK with first-order absorption, ADA-on-CL covariate, plus IL13 turnover, fixed Kon/Koff binding to MEDI7836:IL13 complex, complex distribution sharing CL/Q/V3 with parent drug, and a serum PD observation modelled as the molar sum of free IL13 and a small fraction of complex. |
| Hu_2014_bapineuzumab | Two-compartment population PK model for bapineuzumab in adults with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease following IV administration (Hu 2014, reduced model) |
| Hu_2026_clesrovimab | Two-compartment population PK model for clesrovimab in preterm and full-term infants (Hu 2026) |
| Hua_2015_anrukinzumab | Two-compartment population PK model for anrukinzumab (anti-IL-13 IgG1 monoclonal antibody) with first-order SC absorption and linear elimination, pooling healthy volunteers, mild-to-moderate asthma, moderate-to-severe asthma, and ulcerative colitis patients (Hua 2015) |
| Huang_2017_vrc01 | Two-compartment population PK model for VRC01 (HIV-1 broadly neutralizing IgG1 monoclonal antibody) in healthy adults after IV or SC administration (Huang 2017) |
| Hwang_2022_tremelimumab | Two-compartment population PK model for tremelimumab (anti-CTLA-4 IgG2 kappa) with regimen-dependent sigmoidal time-varying clearance in adults with advanced solid tumours, dosed as monotherapy or in combination with durvalumab (Hwang 2022) |
| Hwang_2023_monalizumab | Two-compartment population PK model for monalizumab (anti-CD94/NKG2A IgG4) in patients with advanced solid tumors or squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (Hwang 2023) |
| Ide_2020_elotuzumab | Two-compartment population PK model for elotuzumab (anti-SLAMF7 humanized IgG1) in Japanese and non-Japanese patients with multiple myeloma (Ide 2020); parallel linear and Michaelis-Menten elimination from the central compartment plus second-order target-mediated elimination from the peripheral compartment driven by a non-renewable target pool, with time-varying serum M protein on Vmax. |
| Jackson_2022_ixekizumab | Two-compartment linear population PK model for subcutaneous ixekizumab in paediatric patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (IXORA-PEDS; Jackson 2022) |
| Kielbasa_2020_galcanezumab | One-compartment population PK model for galcanezumab (humanized IgG anti-CGRP mAb) with first-order SC absorption, linear elimination, and allometric body weight scaling on CL/F (Kielbasa 2020) |
| Koopman_2023_factorix | Two-compartment population PK model for recombinant factor IX-Fc fusion concentrate (rFIX-Fc, eftrenonacog alfa) in haemophilia B patients aged 2-71 years (Koopman 2023) |
| Kotani_2022_astegolimab | Two-compartment population PK model for astegolimab (anti-ST2 IgG2) in adults with severe asthma (Kotani 2022) |
| Kovalenko_2016_dupilumab | Dupilumab exploratory population PK model (Kovalenko 2016; 2-cmt with parallel linear + Michaelis-Menten elimination) |
| Kovalenko_2020_dupilumab | Dupilumab PK model (Kovalenko 2020) |
| Kuchimanchi_2018_evolocumab | One-compartment population PK model for evolocumab with first-order SC absorption and parallel linear plus Michaelis-Menten (target-mediated) elimination from the central compartment, in healthy adults and patients with hypercholesterolemia (Kuchimanchi 2018) |
| Kuchimanchi_2024_dostarlimab | Two-compartment population PK model for dostarlimab (anti-PD-1 IgG4) with sigmoid I_max time-dependent clearance, fitted to GARNET (advanced solid tumours) plus RUBY Part 1 (primary advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer with carboplatin-paclitaxel) data (Kuchimanchi 2024) |
| Kyhl_2016_nalmefene | Population PK model for nalmefene in healthy volunteers (Kyhl 2016): two-compartment model with first-order absorption after oral dosing, separate absorption rates for tablet and solution formulations, and a link to mu-opioid receptor occupancy. |
| LeTilly_2021_trastuzumab | Two-compartment serum/CSF population PK model for trastuzumab after intrathecal and intravenous administration in adults with HER2+ breast cancer leptomeningeal metastases (Le Tilly 2021); zero-order serum-to-CSF transfer plus first-order CSF-to-serum return, with a Friberg-style chain of latent target (HER2) transit compartments and irreversible binding-driven elimination of trastuzumab in the CSF compartment. |
| Li_2017_brentuximab | Semimechanistic coupled population PK model for brentuximab vedotin antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and its released small-molecule payload monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) in adults with CD30-expressing hematologic malignancies (Li 2017). ADC is described by a linear 3-compartment model with first-order elimination; MMAE by a linear 2-compartment model with first-order elimination. MMAE formation is driven by (1) proteolytic degradation of the ADC (scaled by a time-decaying drug-antibody ratio DAR(t) and a cycle-dependent fraction Fmc = Cycle^Fm) and (2) a first-order deconjugation flux proportional to the per-ADC MMAE payload above the minimum-detectable DAR. Modeled in molar units (amount nmol, volume L, concentration pmol/mL = nmol/L = nM) following the paper’s convention. |
| Li_2019_abatacept | Two-compartment population PK model for abatacept (CTLA4-Ig Fc-fusion) in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (Li 2019), with first-order SC absorption, zero-order IV infusion support, first-order linear elimination, logit-scale SC bioavailability, full-block IIV on CL/VC/Q/VP, and a KA parameterisation that enforces KA > k_el. |
| Lin_2024_casirivimab | Two-compartment population PK model for casirivimab in pediatric and adult subjects (non-infected, ambulatory or hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected, or household contacts) following IV or SC administration (Lin 2024, casirivimab arm of the joint casirivimab + imdevimab popPK model) |
| Lin_2024_pozelimab | Two-compartment two-binding-site TMDD-QE population PK model of total pozelimab and total C5 in healthy volunteers, adults with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and pediatric and adult patients with CHAPLE disease (Lin 2024) |
| Lon_2013_abatacept | Two-compartment population PK model with linear elimination and short-term zero-order SC absorption for abatacept (CTLA-4Ig Fc-fusion) in male Lewis rats with collagen-induced arthritis (Lon 2013). |
| Long_2017_necitumumab | Two-compartment population PK model for necitumumab in cancer patients (Long 2017), with IV infusion input and parallel linear plus Michaelis-Menten (target-mediated) elimination from the central compartment and allometric weight scaling on CL, Q, V1, and V2. |
| Lu_2014_trastuzumabemtansine | Linear two-compartment population PK model of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1, anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate) with first-order elimination from the central compartment in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (Lu 2014) |
| Lu_2019_polatuzumab | Integrated two-analyte population PK model of polatuzumab vedotin (anti-CD79b vc-MMAE antibody-drug conjugate) in adults with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (Lu 2019). The antibody-conjugated MMAE (acMMAE) is described by a two-compartment model with three parallel elimination pathways from the central compartment: a slowly-time-decaying nonspecific linear clearance (CL_NS, sigmoidal Hill decline with cycle), a rapidly-decaying linear clearance (CL_t, mono-exponential decline), and a saturable Michaelis-Menten clearance (CL_MM). All three acMMAE pathways feed unconjugated MMAE formation in the central MMAE compartment with relative conversion fractions FRAC_NS, FRAC_NS x FRAC_CLT, and FRAC_NS x FRAC_MM, modulated by a time-dependent multiplier (1 + FRAC_T x exp(-alpha x t)) on FRAC_NS that captures the cycle-over-cycle decline in MMAE formation. Unconjugated MMAE is described by an apparent two-compartment model with parallel linear (CL_MMAE) and Michaelis-Menten (Vmax_MMAE / KSS) elimination from its central compartment. Modeled in MMAE-equivalent micrograms (pola dose in ug/kg x weight in kg x 3.65 x 718 / 145001 -> MMAE-equivalent ug administered to the acMMAE central compartment), with concentrations in ng/mL = ug/L. |
| Lu_2022_patritumab | Joint two-analyte population PK model for patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd, an anti-HER3 antibody-drug conjugate) in adults with HER3-expressing solid tumors (Lu 2022). DXd-conjugated antibody (intact ADC) is described by a 2-compartment model with parallel linear and Michaelis-Menten clearance. Released unconjugated DXd (MAAA-1181a, exatecan-derivative payload) is described by a 1-compartment model with linear clearance and a first-order, time-dependent release rate driven by the level of DXd-conjugated antibody in the central compartment, scaled by the molecular-weight ratio MW_DXd/MW_DXdAb and a payload-to-intact-drug ratio PIR modulated by a cycle-1-vs-later (factor1) and a within-cycle exponential (factor2) modifier. |
| Ma_2020_sarilumab_anc | Indirect-response PopPK/PD model for absolute neutrophil count (ANC) following subcutaneous sarilumab in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (Ma 2020). Sarilumab concentrations drive stimulation of ANC elimination (margination); PK backbone is Xu 2019. |
| Ma_2020_sarilumab_das28crp | Indirect-response PK/PD model of sarilumab on the 28-joint disease activity score by C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (Ma 2020). Sarilumab inhibits the DAS28-CRP production rate (kin) via a sigmoid Emax function that includes a background DMARD placebo component (PLB). The PK driver is the two-compartment, parallel linear + Michaelis-Menten model of Xu 2019 evaluated at its typical covariate-reference values (adult female, 71 kg, ADA-negative, commercial drug product, ALBR = 0.78, CrCl = 100 mL/min/1.73 m^2, baseline CRP = 14.2 mg/L). |
| Marquez-Megias_2023_adalimumab | One-compartment population PK model with first-order subcutaneous absorption and linear elimination for adalimumab in adults with inflammatory bowel disease, with albumin and anti-drug-antibody covariates on apparent clearance (Marquez-Megias 2023) |
| Martinez_2019_alirocumab | Two-compartment population PK model for alirocumab in healthy volunteers and adults with hypercholesterolemia (Martinez 2019, Part I), with first-order SC absorption (with lag time), linear plus Michaelis-Menten (target-mediated) elimination from the central compartment, and logit-transformed bioavailability. |
| Masters_2022_avelumab | Two-compartment population PK model for avelumab (anti-PD-L1 IgG1) with time-dependent clearance in patients with advanced solid tumors (Masters 2022) |
| Melhem_2022_dostarlimab | Two-compartment population PK model for dostarlimab (anti-PD-1 IgG4) with time-dependent (sigmoid I_max) clearance in adults with advanced solid tumours (Melhem 2022) |
| Mo_2018_olaratumab | Two-compartment population PK model with linear clearance for olaratumab in patients with advanced or metastatic cancer (Mo 2018) |
| Moein_2022_etrolizumab | Two-compartment population PK model for etrolizumab with first-order SC absorption and time-decreasing clearance in adults with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis (Moein 2022) |
| Mould_2007_alemtuzumab | Two-compartment population PK model with Michaelis-Menten elimination for alemtuzumab in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (Mould 2007) |
| Mulyukov_2018_ranibizumab | Indirect-response PK/PD model of intravitreal ranibizumab on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, ETDRS letters) in anti-VEGF-naive adults with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (Mulyukov 2018). BCVA is driven by an indirect-response ODE in which drug concentration stimulates the BCVA production rate (kin) through a Michaelis-Menten-like term with a time-dependent maximum effect Emax(t) = Emax_ss + dEmax_0 * exp(-kEmax * t). The PK is a fixed first-order vitreous-elimination placeholder (kel = 0.077/day, vitreous volume = 4 mL, no IIV) borrowed from a previous population PK analysis (reference 20 of the paper) because vitreous PK data were not collected in the development studies. |
| Narwal_2013_sifalimumab | Two-compartment population PK model for sifalimumab (anti-IFN-alpha IgG1) in adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (Narwal 2013) |
| Nestorov_2014_factorviii | Two-compartment population PK model for recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc, efmoroctocog alfa) in previously treated patients with severe hemophilia A (Nestorov 2014; final covariate model with VWF on CL and WT and HCT on V1) |
| Ngo_2020_HL2351 | Population PK model for HL2351 (hIL-1Ra-hyFc, ~97 kDa) in healthy adult Korean men: a quasi-steady-state target-mediated drug disposition (QSS-TMDD) model coupled with FcRn-mediated recycling. The injection-site depot feeds a separate distribution space where free drug equilibrates with FcRn (QSS dissociation constant AKSS1, total FcRn AFcRn_t); free drug moves to the central compartment either directly (Ka2) or by FcRn-mediated recycling of the FcRn-drug complex (Krec). In the central compartment free drug equilibrates with IL1R (QSS dissociation constant KSS2, total IL1R CIL1R_t), is taken up back to the distribution space (Kup), exchanged with one peripheral compartment (Q/F), and eliminated linearly (CL/F). The IL1R-drug complex degrades at Kdeg2. All drug amounts and concentrations are in nmol / nmol/L; convert mg dosing using molecular weight 97 kDa (1 mg HL2351 = approximately 10306 nmol). |
| Nikanjam_2019_siltuximab | Two-compartment population PK model for siltuximab (anti-IL-6) in adults pooled across healthy volunteers and oncology cohorts including Castleman’s disease, smoldering multiple myeloma, and other tumor types (Nikanjam 2019) |
| Ogasawara_2020_durvalumab | Two compartment PK model of durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) in patients with hematologic malignancies (Ogasawara 2020) |
| Okada_2025_rocatinlimab | Two-compartment population PK model with parallel linear and time-dependent saturable (Michaelis-Menten) clearance and first-order subcutaneous absorption for rocatinlimab (anti-OX40 mAb) in adults; covariates body weight, albumin, plaque-psoriasis disease state, and healthy-volunteer cohort indicator (Okada 2025) |
| Othman_2014_daclizumab | Two-compartment population PK model with first-order subcutaneous absorption and lag time for daclizumab high-yield process (HYP) in healthy volunteers (Othman 2014) |
| Papachristos_2020_bevacizumab_pk | Two-compartment population PK model for IV bevacizumab in adults with metastatic colorectal cancer, with allometric weight scaling and ICAM-1 / VEGF-A genotype covariates (Papachristos 2020, Table 1) |
| Papachristos_2020_bevacizumab_pkpd | Two-compartment population PK plus immediate-response Imax PK/PD model for IV bevacizumab and free VEGF-A in adults with metastatic colorectal cancer, with allometric weight scaling and ICAM-1 / VEGF-A genotype covariates (Papachristos 2020, Table 3) |
| Papachristos_2020_bevacizumab_qss | Quasi-steady-state target-mediated drug-disposition (TMDD QSS) model for IV bevacizumab and free VEGF-A in adults with metastatic colorectal cancer, with allometric weight scaling and ICAM-1 / VEGF-A genotype covariates (Papachristos 2020, Table 2) |
| Papathanasiou_2025_belantamab | Two-compartment population PK model for the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) belantamab mafodotin in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, with sigmoidal time-varying clearance and covariate effects of baseline body weight, BMI, albumin, soluble BCMA, serum IgG, race, and combination therapy (Papathanasiou 2025; ADC moiety only – the cys-mcMMAF payload sub-model is not included; see vignette for rationale) |
| PerezRuixo_2025_posdinemab | Mechanism-based population PK-PD model with full TMDD for the anti-tau monoclonal antibody posdinemab in serum, CSF, and ISF (Perez-Ruixo 2025): two-compartment serum disposition with linear elimination, distribution into a CSF compartment and a downstream ISF compartment, explicit second-order binding of free posdinemab to free p217+tau in CSF and to tau seeds in ISF, internalization of free target and drug-target complex, and Alzheimer’s-disease-vs-healthy effect on baseline p217+tau. |
| Petrov_2024_romiplostim | Population PK/PD model for romiplostim in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). One-compartment first-order subcutaneous PK plus an Emax stimulation of platelet precursor production into a 4-transit-compartment Friberg-style chain feeding circulating platelets, with first-order platelet degradation. PK/PD backbone is the healthy-volunteer population PK/PD model (Makarenko 2024); ITP-specific platelet production (kin) and degradation (kdeg) constants and IIV(kdeg) come from Petrov 2024 supplement Table S1. Default parameters are non-splenectomized ITP patients with mechanism 1 (increased platelet degradation, normal precursor production); see vignette for the other 3 subpopulation variants (non-splenectomized mechanism 2; splenectomized mechanism 1; splenectomized mechanism 2). |
| Pouzin_2022_tusamitamab | Integrated multi-analyte semi-mechanistic population PK model of tusamitamab ravtansine (SAR408701, anti-CEACAM5 IgG1-SPDB-DM4 ADC) in adults with advanced solid tumors (Pouzin 2022): explicit two-compartment disposition for DAR1-DAR8 ADC species and a separate naked-antibody (NAB) chain sharing Vc/Vp/Q, irreversible first-order DAR_n -> DAR_(n-1) deconjugation feeding a one-compartment DM4 catabolite that converts to MeDM4. |
| Quartino_2019_trastuzumab | Two-compartment population PK model with parallel linear and Michaelis-Menten nonlinear elimination from the central compartment for intravenous trastuzumab (Herceptin) in patients with metastatic breast cancer, early breast cancer, advanced gastric cancer, or other solid tumors (Quartino 2019) |
| Robbie_2012_palivizumab | Two-compartment population PK model for palivizumab (anti-RSV humanized IgG1 kappa mAb) with first-order IM absorption in adults and children (Robbie 2012) |
| Rosario_2015_vedolizumab | Two-compartment population PK model for vedolizumab (humanised anti-alpha4-beta7 integrin IgG1 monoclonal antibody) with parallel linear and Michaelis-Menten elimination in adults with moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease and healthy volunteers (Rosario 2015). |
| Sanghavi_2020_ipilimumab | Two-compartment population PK model for intravenous ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 IgG1) with time-varying clearance via a sigmoid Emax function in patients with advanced solid tumors receiving ipilimumab alone or in combination with nivolumab (Sanghavi 2020) |
| Sathe_2024_sacituzumab | Coupled three-analyte population PK model for sacituzumab govitecan (SG, the ADC; output Cc), free SN-38 (released payload; output Csn38), and total antibody (tAB; output Ctab) in adults with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer and other solid tumors (Sathe 2024). All three analytes are described by two-compartment models with body-weight allometric scaling. SG carries IIV on CL and a baseline-albumin power covariate on CL. Free SN-38 is generated from SG by a first-order release rate KREL with apparent volumes fixed to literature values (Klein 2002). tAB has time-dependent CL (asymptotic onset, max ~17% reduction at t1/2 ~48 days), correlated IIV on CL and V1, and covariates of baseline albumin (CL), tumor type (CL), and sex (V1). Simulation requires dosing two compartments simultaneously (sgCentral and tabCentral) for each SG infusion event. |
| Soehoel_2022_tralokinumab | Two-compartment population PK model for tralokinumab (Soehoel 2022) in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, with SC first-order absorption and allometric body-weight effects. |
| Suleiman_2019_risankizumab | Two-compartment population PK model of risankizumab (anti-IL-23 mAb) with first-order SC absorption in healthy subjects and patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (Suleiman 2019) |
| Suri_2018_brentuximab | Coupled population PK model for brentuximab vedotin antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and its released payload monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) in 380 patients with CD30-positive malignancies (Hodgkin lymphoma, systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, primary cutaneous ALCL) pooled from six clinical studies including the phase III ALCANZA study (Suri 2018). ADC is described by a linear 3-compartment model with zero-order input and first-order elimination; MMAE by a 2-compartment model with first-order elimination, fed from ADC by (a) a saturable target-binding flux KdTargetADC (initial Target = 1, irreversibly depleted) and (b) a proteolytic flux FMexp(-ALFMtad)K10ADC whose conversion fraction declines as a function of time after the most recent dose. Both fluxes accumulate in an intermediate Lag compartment that empties to MMAE central with rate Klag (FM is fixed to 1). |
| Takahashi_2023_abatacept | Two-compartment IV population PK model for abatacept (CTLA4-Ig Fc-fusion) pooled across 685 adult/pediatric patients with rheumatoid arthritis or polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult/pediatric patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in the ABA2 trial (Takahashi 2023). Linear elimination, allometric weight scaling on CL/Vc/Vp/Q with estimated exponents, and a three-level cohort categorical (RA/JIA reference, ABA2 HLA 7/8, ABA2 HLA 8/8) on CL and Vc. |
| Takeuchi_2023_ozoralizumab | One-compartment population PK model with first-order absorption for subcutaneous ozoralizumab (anti-TNF VHH NANOBODY) in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Takeuchi 2023) |
| Thakre_2022_risankizumab | Two-compartment population PK model of risankizumab (anti-IL-23 mAb) with first-order SC absorption in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (Thakre 2022) |
| Timmermann_2019_brodalumab | Two-compartment population PK model for brodalumab in adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (Timmermann 2019), with first-order SC absorption, fixed bioavailability, and combined linear plus Michaelis-Menten (target-mediated) elimination from the central compartment. |
| Tiraboschi_2025_amlitelimab | Two-compartment population PK model for amlitelimab (anti-OX40L mAb) in adults, with parallel first-order and Michaelis-Menten (TMDD) elimination, SC absorption with lag time, allometric body-weight scaling, and EASI / albumin covariate effects (Tiraboschi 2025) |
| Toukam_2025_biib107 | Two-compartment population PK model with parallel linear and Michaelis-Menten elimination, plus direct sigmoidal Emax PK/PD model of alpha-4 integrin receptor saturation, for BIIB107 (humanized aglycosyl anti-alpha-4 integrin IgG4 monoclonal antibody) in healthy adult volunteers (Toukam 2025). |
| Valenzuela_2025_nipocalimab | Integrated PK/RO/IgG/MG-ADL QSS TMDD model for nipocalimab in healthy adults and generalized myasthenia gravis (Valenzuela 2025) |
| Wade_2015_certolizumab | One-compartment population PK model with first-order SC absorption and an additive baseline concentration for certolizumab pegol in adults with Crohn’s disease (Wade 2015) |
| Wang_2017_benralizumab | Two compartment PK model of benralizumab (anti-IL-5Ralpha) in healthy volunteers and patients with asthma (Wang 2017) |
| Wang_2020_ontamalimab | Two-compartment population PK model for ontamalimab (SHP647), a fully human IgG2 anti-MAdCAM-1 monoclonal antibody, in adults with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease (Wang 2020), with first-order SC absorption, absorption lag time, parallel linear and Michaelis-Menten elimination from the central compartment, and allometric weight scaling on CL, Vc, CLd, Vp, and Vmax. |
| Wang_2024_sugemalimab | Two-compartment population PK model with sigmoidal-Emax time-varying clearance for intravenous sugemalimab (anti-PD-L1 IgG4) in adults with advanced solid tumours or lymphomas across nine Phase I-III trials (Wang 2024) |
| Wojciechowski_2022_domagrozumab | Quasi-steady-state TMDD population PK/PD model for domagrozumab (anti-myostatin IgG1) in healthy adult volunteers and pediatric patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Wojciechowski 2022): two-compartment IV/SC drug disposition with parallel linear and Michaelis-Menten elimination, a synthesis-degradation total-myostatin compartment with drug-mediated internalization, and a study-population covariate (DIS_DMD) shifting myostatin baseline and turnover. |
| Wu_2024_inotuzumab | Two-compartment population PK model for inotuzumab ozogamicin in pediatric and adult patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) and adult patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL); linear plus time-dependent (target-mediated) clearance with covariate effects on CL1, V1, CL2, and kdes (Wu 2024, ITCC-059 pediatric trial pooled with 11 adult studies). |
| Xie_2019_agomelatine | A semiphysiological population pharmacokinetic model of agomelatine and its metabolites in Chinese healthy volunteers |
| Xu_2011_sirukumab | Two-compartment population PK model for sirukumab (anti-IL-6 human IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody, CNTO 136) in healthy adults following a single intravenous infusion, with first-order elimination from the central compartment and allometric body-weight scaling (Xu 2011). |
| Xu_2019_sarilumab | Two-compartment population PK model for sarilumab in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (Xu 2019), with first-order SC absorption and parallel linear plus Michaelis-Menten (target-mediated) elimination from the central compartment. |
| Yamada_2025_zolbetuximab | Two-compartment population PK model of zolbetuximab (anti-CLDN18.2 IgG1 mAb) with zero-order IV input and time-dependent clearance in patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma (Yamada 2025) |
| Yang_2021_cemiplimab | Two-compartment population PK model for cemiplimab (anti-PD-1 IgG4) with time-varying clearance (sigmoid Emax) in adults with advanced solid tumors including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (Yang 2021) |
| Yang_2024_axatilimab | Semimechanistic population PK/PD model for axatilimab (anti-CSF-1R IgG4 monoclonal antibody) in healthy adults, patients with advanced solid tumors, and patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (Yang 2024). Two-compartment IV PK with parallel linear clearance and CSF-1R-mediated saturable elimination via competitive Hill binding with circulating CSF-1; CSF-1, NCMC, AST, and CPK pharmacodynamics integrated as turnover indirect-response biomarkers. |
| Yao_2018_guselkumab | One-compartment population PK model with first-order SC absorption and first-order elimination for guselkumab (anti-IL-23 p19 human IgG1-lambda mAb) in adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis (pooled phase 2 X-PLORE and phase 3 VOYAGE 1 / VOYAGE 2 trials; Yao 2018) |
| Yin_2021_trastuzumabDeruxtecan | Two-compartment population PK model for intact trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd, DS-8201, anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate) with linear elimination and covariate effects of body weight, albumin, baseline tumor size, sex, and Japan-country indicator in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer or other HER2-expressing solid tumors (Yin 2021) |
| Yu_2022_ofatumumab | Population PK / B-cell-count model for subcutaneous ofatumumab in adults with relapsing multiple sclerosis (Yu 2022) |
| Zhang_2019_nivolumab | Two-compartment population PK model with time-varying clearance for intravenous nivolumab (anti-PD-1 IgG4) in adults with advanced solid tumors, alone or in combination with ipilimumab or chemotherapy (Zhang 2019) |
| Zheng_2016_sifalimumab | Two-compartment population PK model for sifalimumab (anti-IFN-alpha human IgG1 monoclonal antibody) in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus following repeat fixed intravenous doses (Zheng 2016). |
| Zhong_2026_abatacept | Two-compartment population PK model for abatacept (CTLA4-Ig Fc-fusion) pooled across 9 phase 2/3 studies (Zhong 2026): adults with rheumatoid arthritis, patients aged 2-17 years with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and patients aged 6+ years with hematologic malignancies receiving HLA-matched unrelated-donor HSCT (the ABA2 trial). Final model has zero-order IV infusion, first-order SC absorption, first-order linear elimination, additive plus proportional residual error, allometric weight on CL/VC/VP, hepatic (AST) and renal (cGFR) markers on CL, sex on CL and VC, two HSCT cohort indicators (7-of-8 and 8-of-8 HLA-matched URD) on CL/VC, and a logit-scale SC bioavailability sub-model with weight, age, and pJIA-disease covariates fixed to a previously developed internal JIA PPK model (values match Gandhi 2021). |
| Zhou_2021_belimumab | Linear two-compartment IV population PK model for belimumab in Chinese and non-Chinese adult and pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (Zhou 2021) |
| Zhou_2025_brentuximab | Coupled population PK model for brentuximab vedotin antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and its released payload monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) in pediatric patients (5-18 years) with relapsed/refractory or newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma or systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (Zhou 2025). ADC is described by a linear 3-compartment model with first-order elimination; MMAE by a 2-compartment model with first-order elimination. ADC -> MMAE flux is the sum of (a) a one-time saturable target-binding flux KdTargetADC (initial Target = 1 unitless, irreversibly depleted) and (b) a proteolytic flux FMexp(-ALFMtad)K10ADC where the conversion fraction declines as a function of time after the most recent dose. Both fluxes accumulate in an intermediate Lag compartment that empties to MMAE central with rate Klag. Final-model parameter values come from Zhou 2025 supplementary Tables S1 (ADC) and S2 (MMAE); equations come from the NONMEM control streams in Zhou 2025 Supplementary Methods. |
| Zhu_2017_lebrikizumab | Lebrikizumab population PK model (Zhu 2017): two-compartment model with first-order absorption after SC dosing in adults with moderate-to-severe asthma. |
| oncology_sdm_lobo_2002 | Signal transduction model for delayed concentration effects on cancer cell growth |
| oncology_xenograft_simeoni_2004 | Oncology tumor growth model in xenograft models |
| tgi_no_sat_Koch | One compartment TGI model with with exponential tumor growth, without saturation. |
| tgi_no_sat_expo | One-compartment TGI model with exponential tumor growth, without saturation. |
| tgi_no_sat_linear | One compartment TGI model with with linear tumor growth, without saturation. |
| tgi_no_sat_powerLaw | One compartment TGI model with with exponential tumor growth, without saturation. |
| tgi_sat_Gompertz | One compartment TGI model with tumor growth proportional to tumor size through a generalized logistic function, with saturation. |
| tgi_sat_VonBertalanffy | One compartment TGI model where tumor growth is limited by a loss term, with saturation. |
| tgi_sat_genLogistic | One compartment TGI model with tumor growth proportional to tumor size through a generalized logistic function, with saturation. |
| tgi_sat_genVonBertalanffy | One compartment TGI model where tumor growth is limited by a loss term, with saturation. |
| tgi_sat_logistic | One compartment TGI model with with exponential tumor growth that decelerates linearly, with saturation. |